Nimbus Defence Academy

India Myanmar Border Management

  1. Smart Border Fencing Implementation:
  • Initiation: Central government orders for Smart Border Fencing along an additional 300 km.
  • Trigger: Ethnic conflicts in Manipur (May 2023), leading to over 100 deaths and displacement.
  • Progress: Pilot project completion (10 km), additional orders for 80 km, total Smart Border Fencing covering 390 km.
  1. Border Overview Data:
  • Total Border Length: India and Myanmar share a land border of 1,643 km.
  • Demarcation Completion: 1,472 km as per Home Ministry’s 2022-23 annual report.
  • Strategic Importance: Myanmar acts as a gateway to Southeast Asia.
  1. Infrastructure Projects Data:
  • Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport: Links Kolkata to Sittwe in Myanmar and connects to India’s northeast.
  • Asian Trilateral Highway: Joint project with Myanmar and Thailand, boosting trade in ASEAN-India Free Trade Area.
  1. Smart Border Fencing Data:
  • About Smart Fence Project:
    • A technological advancement combining physical barriers, sensors, cameras, and communication systems.
    • Effective monitoring and response to border threats.
  • Devices Used:
    • Sensors include thermal imagers, underground sensors, fiber optical sensors, radar, and sonar.
    • Mounted on platforms like aerostat, tower, and poles for round-the-clock surveillance in various weather conditions.
  • Other Projects:
    • India-Pakistan Border: Smart fence pilot project (2018).
    • India-Bangladesh Border: BOLD-QIT project (2019).
  1. Border Management Challenges Data:
  • Illegal Immigrants:
    • UNHCR estimates 22,000 refugees entered India from Myanmar since February 2021.
    • Demographic imbalance and law and order disturbances due to illegal migration.
  • Drug Abuse from Golden Triangle:
    • Myanmar part of Golden Triangle, the second-largest opium production region globally.
    • Flow of drugs facilitated by the porous border.
  • Interlinkage Between Drug Traffickers and Insurgent Groups:
    • 500 cases registered, 625 individuals arrested under NDPS Act in Manipur (2022).
    • Drug trade financing insurgent groups in Northeast.
  1. Human Trafficking Data:
  • Exploitation Factors:
    • Instability, turmoil, and internal power struggles in Myanmar.
    • More than 400 Indian men stuck in fraudulent IT jobs in Myanmar.
    • Children used as couriers for transporting illegal substances.
  1. Free Movement Regime (FMR) Data:
  • Initiation and Resurgence:
    • Initiated in 1970, resurgence in 2016 as part of Act East Policy.
    • Allows individuals within a 16 km radius to traverse freely without visas.
    • Border pass issued by competent authority valid for one year.
  1. Border Management Interventions Data:
  • Government Schemes:
    • Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme.
    • Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS).
    • Border Area Development Programme (BADP).
    • Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP).
  1. Way Forward Data:
  • Round the Clock Border Guarding:
    • Deployment of a regular Border Guarding force for continuous vigilance.
  • Border Infrastructure Creation:
    • Creation of composite Border Observation Posts (BOPs), Border Road, and Obstacle System.
  • Separation of Patrolling and Security Functions:
    • Proposal to separate patrolling and security functions, deploying dedicated forces.
  • Strengthening Legal Frameworks:
    • Improved coordination between India and Myanmar’s law enforcement agencies.
  • Rehabilitation:
    • Alongside rescue efforts, psychological evaluation, and treatment for victims.
  • Increased Collaboration:
    • Enhanced collaboration between border control agencies through direct communication channels.
  • Awareness Creation:
    • Border guarding forces promoting a sense of security among the border population.
  • Bilateral Institutional Mechanisms:
    • Periodic revision of institutional mechanisms with Myanmar to adapt to changing dynamics.

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CDS(Combined Defence Services)-II 2021

 

CDS-II 2021 DETAILS:

INTRODUCTION:

CDS exam is conducted 2 times every year. The exam is conducted for the recruitment of Candidates for the Officers in Army, Navy & Airforce. The candidates are shortlisted on the basis of written exam followed by SSB Interview.

 

IMPORTANT DATES:

Here we have mentioned all the official exam date and events related to CDS-II 2021:

Events

Dates (Announced)

Notification Date

04.08.2021

Closing date of Application Submission

24.08.2021

Online Applications can be withdrawn

31.08.2021 to 06.09.2021

Date of Examination

14th November, 2021

 

VACANCIES:

Name of the Course and Approximate No. of Vacancies:

1.

Indian Military Academy, Dehradun153rd (DE) Course commencing in July, 2022[including 13 vacancies reserved for NCC `C’Certificate (Army Wing) holders]

100

2.

Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala—Course commencing in July, 2022 Executive Branch(General Service)/Hydro [including 03 vacanciesfor NCC ‘C’ Certificate (Naval Wing through NCCSpecial Entry) holders ].

22

3.

Air Force Academy, Hyderabad—(Pre-Flying) Training Course commencing in July, 2022i.e. No. 212 F(P) Course.[including 03 vacancies are reserved for NCC `C’Certificate (Air Wing) holders throughNCC Spl. Entry]

32

4.

Officers’ Training Academy, Chennai (Madras)—116th SSC (Men) (NT) (UPSC) Course commencingin October, 2022

169

5.

Officers Training Academy, Chennai (Madras) 30th SSC Women (NT) (UPSC) Coursecommencing inOctober, 2022. _______

16

Total

339

 

AGE:

(i)           For IMA—Unmarried male candidates born not earlier than 2nd July, 1998 andnot later than 1st July, 2003 only are eligible.

(ii)          For Indian Naval Academy—Unmarried male candidates born not earlier than2nd July, 1998 and not later than 1st July, 2003 only are eligible.

(iii)         For Air Force Academy—

20 to 24 years as on 1st July, 2022 i.e. born not earlier than 2nd July, 1998 and notlater than 1st July, 2002 (Upper age limit for candidates holding valid and currentCommercial Pilot Licence issued by DGCA (India) is relaxable upto 26 yrs. i.e.born not earlier than 2nd July, 1996 and not later than 1st July, 2002 only areeligible.

Note: Candidate below 25 years of age must be unmarried. Marriage is notpermitted during training. Married candidates above 25 years of age are eligible toapply but during training period they will neither be provided marriedaccommodation nor can they live with family out of the premises.

(iv)         For Officers’ Training Academy—(SSC Course for men) unmarried malecandidates born not earlier than 2nd July, 1997 and not later than 1st July, 2003 onlyare eligible.

(v)          For Officers’ Training Academy—(SSC Women Non-Technical Course)Unmarried women, issueless widows who have not remarried and issuelessdivorcees (in possession of divorce documents) who have not remarried areeligible. They should have been born not earlier than 2nd July, 1997 and not laterthan 1st July, 2003.

NOTE : Male divorcee/widower candidates cannot be treated as unmarried malefor the purpose of their admission in IMA/INA/AFA/OTA, Chennai courses andaccordingly they are not eligible for these courses.

 

CENTRES OF EXAMINATION:

The Examination will be held at the following Centres :

AGARTALA

GHAZIABAD

PANAJI (GOA)

AGRA

GORAKHPUR

PATNA

AJMER

GURGAON

PORT BLAIR

AHMEDABAD

GWALIOR

PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD)

AIZAWL

HYDERABAD

PUDUCHERRY

ALIGARH

IMPHAL

PUNE

ALMORA (UTTARAKHAND

 INDORE

RAIPUR

ANANTPUR (ANDHRA PRADESH)

ITANAGAR

RAJKOT

AURANGABAD

JABALPUR

RANCHI

BENGALURU

JAIPUR

SAMBALPUR

BAREILLY

JAMMU

SHILLONG

BHOPAL

JODHPUR

SHIMLA

BILASPUR

JORHAT

SILIGUDI

CHANDIGARH

KOCHI

SRINAGAR

CHENNAI

KOHIMA

SRINAGAR (UTTARAKHAND)

COIMBATORE

KOLKATA

THANE

CUTTACK

KOZHIKODE (CALICUT

 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

DEHRADUN

LEH

TIRUCHIRAPALLI

DELHI

LUCKNOW

TIRUPATI

DHARWAD

LUDHIANA

UDAIPUR

DISPUR

MADURAI

VARANASI

FARIDABAD

MUMBAI

VELLORE

GANGTOK

MYSORE

VIJAYAVADA

GAYA

NAGPUR

VISHAKHAPATNAM

GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR

NAVI MUMBAI

WARANGAL

 

Application Fee:

Candidates (excepting Female/SC/ST candidates who are exempted frompayment of fee) are required to pay a fee of Rs. 200/- (Rupees Two Hundred Only)either by depositing the money in any Branch of SBI by cash, or by using net bankingfacility of State Bank of India or by using Visa/Master/Rupay Credit/Debit Card.

 

Educational Qualifications:

(i)     For I.M.A. and Officers’ Training Academy, Chennai — Degree of a recognisedUniversity or equivalent.

(ii)    For Indian Naval Academy—Degree in Engineering from a recognisedUniversity/Institution.

(iii)   For Air Force Academy—Degree of a recognised University (with Physicsand Mathematics at 10+2 level) or Bachelor of Engineering.

Graduates with first choice as Army/Navy/Air Force are to submit proof ofGraduation/provisional certificates on the date of commencement of the SSB Interviewat the SSB.

Candidates who are studying in the final year/semester Degree course and haveyet to pass the final year degree examination can also apply provided candidateshould not have any present backlog upto the last semester / year for which resultshave been declared upto the time of submission of application and they will berequired to submit proof of passing the degree examination at the time ofcommencement of course to reach the IHQ of MoD (Army), Rtg ‘A’, CDSE Entry, WestBlock III, R. K. Puram, New Delhi-110066 in case of IMA/SSC first choice candidates andNaval HQ “DMPR” (OI & R Section), Room No. 204, ‘C’ Wing, Sena Bhawan, NewDelhi-110011 in case of Navy first choice candidates and PO3(A)/Air Headquarters,‘J’ Block, Room No. 17, Opp. Vayu Bhawan, Motilal Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110106 in case of Air Force first choice candidates by the following dates failing whichtheir candidature will stand cancelled :

(i)     For admission to IMA on or before 1st July, 2022, Indian Naval Academy on orbefore 1st July, 2022 and Air Force Academy on or before 13th May, 2022.

(ii)    For admission to Officers’ Training Academy, Chennai on or before 1st October,2022.

 

 

Exam Pattern:

  1. The Competitive examination comprises:

        (a) Written examination as shown in below.

        (b) Interview for intelligence and personality test (vide Part ‘B’ of this Appendix)of such candidates as may be called for interview at one of the ServicesSelection Centres.

  1. The subjects of the written examination, the time allowed and the maximummarks allotted to each subject will be as follows:
  2. For Admission to Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy and AirForce Academy:—

Subject

Max Marks

Time

English

100

2 hours

General Knowledge

100

2 hours

Elementary Mathematics

100

2 hours

Total

300

 

 

  1. For Admission to Officers’ Training Academy :—

Subject

Max Marks

Time

English

100

2 hours

General Knowledge

100

2 hours

Total

200

 

 

The maximum marks allotted to the written examination and to the interviewswill be equal for each course i.e. the maximum marks allotted to the writtenexamination and to the interviews will be 300, 300, 300 and 200 each for admission tothe Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, Air Force Academy andOfficers’ Training Academy respectively.

  1. The papers in all the subjects will consist of objective type questions only. Thequestion papers (Test Booklets) of General Knowledge and Elementary Mathematicswill be set bilingually in Hindi as well as English.
  2. In the question papers, wherever necessary, questions involving the metricsystem of Weights and Measures only will be set.
  3. Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances willthey be allowed the help of a scribe to write answers for them.
  4. The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all thesubjects of the examination.
  5. The candidates are not permitted to use calculator for answering objective typepapers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore, bring the same inside theExamination Hall.

 

PENALITY FOR WRONG ANSWERS:

Candidates should note that there will be penalty (Negative Marking) for wrong answersmarked by a candidate in the Objective Type Question Papers.

(i)     There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For eachquestion for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate. Onethird (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted aspenalty.

(ii)    If a candidate given more than one answer, it will be treated as a wronganswer even if one of the given answers happens to be correct and therewill be same penalty as above for that question.

(iii)   If a question is left blank i.e. no answer is given by the candidate, therewill be no penalty for that question.

 

SYLLABUS:

ENGLISH (Code No. 01)

The question paper will be designed to test the candidates’ understanding ofEnglish and workmanlike use of words.

 

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (Code No. 02)

General Knowledge including knowledge of current events and of such matters ofeveryday observation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be expected ofan educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific subject. Thepaper will also include questions on History of India and Geography of a naturewhich candidate should be able to answer without special study.

 

ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS (Code No. 03)

ARITHMETIC

Number System—Natural numbers, Integers, Rational and Real numbers.Fundamental operations, addition, substraction, multiplication, division, Squareroots, Decimal fractions. Unitary method, time and distance, time and work,percentages, applications to simple and compound interest, profit and loss, ratio andproportion, variation.

Elementary Number Theory—Division algorithm.Prime and composite numbers.Tests of divisibility by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 11.Multiples and factors.FactorisationTheorem.H.C.F. and L.C.M. Euclidean algorithm.Logarithms to base 10, laws oflogarithms, use of logarithmic tables.

 

ALGEBRA

Basic Operations, simple factors, Remainder Theorem, H.C.F., L.C.M., Theory ofpolynomials, solutions of quadratic equations, relation between its roots andcoefficients (Only real roots to be considered).Simultaneous linear equations in twounknowns—analytical and graphical solutions.Simultaneous linear inequations intwo variables and their solutions. Practical problems leading to two simultaneouslinear equations or inequations in two variables or quadratic equations in onevariable & their solutions. Set language and set notation, Rational expressions andconditional identities, Laws of indices.

 

TRIGONOMETRY

Sine ×, cosine ×, Tangent × when 0° < × < 90° Values of sin ×, cos × and tan ×, for ×= 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°

Simple trigonometric identities.

Use of trigonometric tables.

Simple cases of heights and distances.

 

GEOMETRY

Lines and angles, Plane and plane figures, Theorems on (i) Properties of angles ata point, (ii) Parallel lines, (iii) Sides and angles of a triangle, (iv) Congruency oftriangles, (v) Similar triangles, (vi) Concurrence of medians and altitudes, (vii)Properties of angles, sides and diagonals of a parallelogram, rectangle and square,(viii) Circles and its properties including tangents and normals, (ix) Loci.

 

MENSURATION

Areas of squares, rectangles, parallelograms, triangle and circle. Areas of figureswhich can be split up into these figures (Field Book), Surface area and volume ofcuboids, lateral surface and volume of right circular cones and cylinders, surfacearea and volume of spheres.

 

STATISTICS

Collection and tabulation of statistical data, Graphical representation frequencypolygons, histograms, bar charts, pie charts etc.Measures of central tendency.

 

INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY TEST

The SSB procedure consists of two stage Selection process – stage I and stage II. Onlythose candidates who clear the stage I are permitted to appear for stage II. Thedetails are:-

(a) Stage I comprises of Officer Intelligence Rating (OIR) tests are Picture Perception*Description Test (PP&DT). The candidates will be shortlisted based oncombination of performance in OIR Test and PP&DT.

(b) Stage II Comprises of Interview, Group Testing Officer Tasks, Psychology Testsand the Conference. These tests are conducted over 4 days. The details of these testsare given on the website: www.joinindianarmy.nic.in

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